Post-traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a condition from which nearly 10% of Americans suffer. It, unlike other afflictions, is associated with a wide variety of circumstances. Many war veterans suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. However, a new group of people are quickly emerging as common suffers of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-sexually abused children. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a prevalent problem associated with children who are victims of sexual assault.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-III). The diagnoses for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was not formally diagnosed as part of DSM-III until 1980. According to Famolaro, "the diagnoses of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder requires: (a) experience of a significant traumatic events; (b) re- experiencing of the trauma in one of several different thought, emotional, or behavioral forms; (d) persistent symptoms of increased arousal, Particularly when exposedto stimuli concretely or symbolically reminiscent of the trauma; (e) symptoms lasting at least one month. (Famolaro, Maternal and Child Posttraumatic... 28)".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children are now becoming realized as significant sufferers of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is particularly bad for children under the age of 11, because they lack many of the skills needed to protect themselves. Furthermore, this vulnerability is enhanced when the child is exposed to any maltreatment. According to recent studies, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a common sequella of severe or chronic maltreatment of children, particularly among sexually maltreated children ( Famularo, Symptom Differences... 28)". Posttraumatic Stress Disorder can be caused if the child is exposed to just one traumatic episode (rape, witnessing a violent crime, physical abuse); However, the child will become more susceptible to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder if the maltreatment continues. Moreover, a child is most likely to suffer from symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder when sexual assault is involved(28).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because children have not yet developed cognitively emotionally and are very immature, they are likely candidates to develop symptoms related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. As a child matures he/she becomes better equipped to deal with and prevent contributing factors to the eventual suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Up to age two, young children can recreate stressful events and even imagine such events recurring; However, the mind is not developed enough to identify, anticipate, or prevent future traumatic occurrences. At age three, children cannot, "distance themselves, in time, appreciate roles and differences in behavior, access situation, or adopt nonegocentric causality (Saigh 189)". This flaw opens them up to the impact of trauma because the child cannot anticipate and protect themselves. By age four, children have the ability to protect themselves by avoiding traumatic encounters. They also have the ability to suppress their anxiety when it becomes difficult

Solution-Focused Therapy Essay

Solution–focused therapy (SFT), unlike other forms of therapy argues that a person doesn’t have to understand any problem in order to resolve the problem and that the solution isn’t necessarily related to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview, description and rationale of Solution-focused therapy as well as an explanation of the therapeutic processes involved in SFT. This paper will also demonstrate through case example; systemic case conceptualization/hypotheses, goals of treatment, as well as interventions used through the entire treatment plan process. Solution-focused therapy â€Å"focuses on people’s competence rather than their deficits, their strengths rather than their weaknesses, their possibilities rather than their limitations† (O’Hanlon, H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989, p. 1.). Solution-focused therapy (SFT), also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) was developed in the 1980’s by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg, along with their team, Patricia Hudson, Williams – Hanlon, Eve Lipchilk, Jane Peller, Scott Miller, John Walter, and Michelle Wiener-Davis from the Brief Family Therapy Family Center in Milwaukee, USA. This theory was based on over twenty years of empirical research, theoretical development, as well as clinical practice. Solution focused therapy (SFT) targets the desired therapeutic outcomes of therapy as a solution without focusing on the issues or behaviors that brought the client to therapy. This form of therapy is a competency based model which is different in many ways from the traditional theories or approaches (Berg, I.K., (1994). The therapist encourages the client to envision their ideal future; collaborating with the client to establish a group of steps needed to achieve the desired goal. By examining and analyzing the client’s vision, the therapist can determine what abilities, skills and resources the client can develop and use in order to achieve the envisioned outcome. de Shazer, S., (1985), suggests that the client is the expert; the development of a solution is not necessarily related to the problem; if something works, continue with it; if something doesn’t work, do something different; if it isn’t broken, don’t try to fix it. The therapeutic process for SFT is always the same regardless of the client’s concerns. SFT behavioral analyses are made of the exceptions instead of the problem. SFT uses the process of  operant conditioning: the discussion and implementation of the client’s desired behavior is recognized and complimented by the therapist (positive reinforcement), the conversation and actions of undesired behavior is stifled (frustrative non-reward) due to the therapist’s lack of recognition. SFT also uses the process-of classical conditioning: the therapist suggests a homework assignment the client such as, doing something different or to ‘pretend the miracle has happened’ (counter conditioning) (Bannink, F. P., (2007). Joining with the client means having a discussion about the client’s issue or presenting problems prior to the first scheduled session. It is important for the therapist to pay attention to any changes made previous to the first therapeutic session. Once that has taken place; the focus shifts to the here and now and focuses on how clients change instead of diagnosing and treating problems. Signature questions are used in SFT interview sessions and are meant to establish a therapeutic process where the therapist effectively listens to the client’s words; while the client expresses what is important to them, their wants, needs and related successes. The therapist then formulates and asks other questions by being cognoscente of the client’s use of key words and phrases. It is also important to continue the effective listening process as the clients continue to answer questions based on their frame of reference. Through this continual process of listening, connecting and absorbing, along with the client responding; the therapist and client together can construct new and adjusted meanings that work toward building positive solutions. Structured feedback from the therapist should look at the client’s strengths and establish the next steps towards the future, concluding the session. How change is brought about Solution Focused therapy focuses on promoting change in the direction of the client’s goals. When a client enters into a therapist’s care, the Solution Focused model follows a set of questions that will dictate where a client is starting from. Where a client is staring from is simply defined as where a client is willing to begin in the therapy process, which includes the amount of disclosure the client may be willing to exhibit. The therapist using this model may first ask the clients a question of what is the problem. This should then lead into what is the main cause of this problem. Next, the  client may be asked what maintains the problem. After these questions are answered or at least attempted by the client, the therapist should have an idea about the client’s patterns of behavior and thinking around the problem. Having this knowledge will give the therapist a starting point from which to work from (Walter & Peller, 1992). By understanding where the client is at right now, the therapist is able to construct solutions using the Solution Focused model. To construct solutions, there remain some assumptions, these may include; that there is a solution to the problem or that multiple solutions exist. That the solutions are constructible, the therapist and the client are able to construct the solutions and that the therapist and the client construct and or invent solutions rather than discover them. Finally, after solutions have been constructed, the therapist would want this process to be modeled in order for it to be implemented by the client. In short, step one; find out what the client wants. Step two, look for what is working and do more of that. Step three, do something different. Solution Focused therapy is the answer to the question of how do we construct solutions? It is a total model; it encompasses a way of thinking, a way of conversing with clients and a way of constructing solutions interactively. Solution Focused therapy is not a collaboration of techniques; rather it reflects fundamental notions about change, about interaction and about attaining goals. The focus in therapy is shifted from the past to present day, where we look for causes and map patterns of problem maintenance (Walter & Peller, 1992). Case Study Elise, an African American/Caucasian woman, and Lionel, an African American male and have been in a married for two years and both are 27 years of age. They reported having no children, but both desire to have children before they reach 30 years of age. They both wanted to seek counseling because they argue constantly and can’t seem to resolve the conflict in their relationship. Elise reports she withdraws whenever Lionel loses his temper. She states â€Å"he just explodes over the slightest thing and this behavior must change before we bring children into this world!† Elise also expressed that Lionel becomes verbally abusive and loud. Lionel has expressed having irrational behavior and acting out since he was a child. His parents never seemed to pay attention or worry about this behavior. Hypothesis Establishing effective communication skills will dissolve unresolved conflict. Early-Phase Goals 1. Develop and maintain a supportive relationship with Lionel and Elise. a.Allow Elise and Lionel to share in their own versions of the problem story, while effectively listening for the highlighting strengths, exceptions and resources. b.Maintain a beginner’s mind to assist in understanding each client’s perspective on Lionel’s outbursts and other couple issues, while exploring and remaining sensitive to the couple’s perspective. 2. Begin the process of identifying exceptions, possibilities, and possible solutions to Lionel’s outbursts/Elise’s withdrawal and the couple’s ability to resolve conflict. a.Discuss the communication issue as something that is solvable and in terms of solution. b.Identify Elise’s and Lionel’s strengths and resources and individuals and as a couple. Middle-Phase Goals 1. Increase number of respectful communication exchanges between Lionel and Elise that allow each to feel heard. a.Using scaling questions to identify small steps to be taken by Lionel and Elise between sessions that will move them closer to maintaining open, healthy by directing them to scale improvements in communication (one being no positive changes in communication and ten being the desired communication interaction). b.Monitor exceptions to Lionel’s outbursts/Elise’s withdrawal and times when the outbursts were not a problem. 2. Assist couple in learning to resolve conflict without angry, explosive episodes or withdrawal. a.Monitor exceptions when Lionel and Elise have been able to resolve conflict successfully and identify factors that led to the successful outcome. b.Scale changes in conflict-resolution skills. c.Compliment progress and solutions. Late-Phase Goals 1. Increase couple’s readiness for children and parenting. a.Allow Lionel and Elise to discuss readiness for children and parenting while effectively listening for strengths and resources. b.Scale the couple’s readiness to  parent and take steps to get on track. c.Compliment existing strengths and identify additional strengths and resources. 2. Highlight progress and attainment of goals and develop a plan for anticipated challenges, identifying Lionel and Elise’s strengths, resources, and solutions. a.Identify what changes have worked and the best strategies for staying on track. b.Focus on future-oriented talk and highlight use of solutions in the future. c.Compliment on progress, change, and achievement in communication and conflict-resolution skills and Lionel’s diminished verbal outbursts. Therapist’s Thoughts Although this therapist therapy of choice is Multigenerational Family Therapy; Solution-focused has its attributes, such as the Miracle Question. The genius behind this question is that it forces you to stop thinking about why you can’t achieve something and allows you to imagine how your life could be if something miraculous occurred. Solution-Focused therapy empowers the client with the ability to find resolution to their own issues and problems. This therapist feels that Solution-focused therapy is an appropriate addition to the Family Systems concepts. References Bannink, F. P. (2007). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Journal Of Contemporary Psychotherapy, (2), 87. Berg, I.K. (1994). Family Based Services: A Solution-Focused Approach. New York: Norton & Co. de Shazer, S. (1985). Keys to solution in brief therapy. New York: Norton. O’Hanlon H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989). In Search of Solutions: A New Direction in Psychotherapy. New York: Norton. Walter, J. L., Peller, J. E. (1992). Becoming solution-focused in brief therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

The Post War World War II - 1216 Words

The post-war world was one of complete ruin. More than 40 million Europeans died and at least 25 million of them were civilians that had been killed in bomb raids, concentration camps, and during famine or starvation. Cities, towns, and villages on the home fronts were destroyed and nothing remained of many homes. Because of all of the distress, thousands of people all turned to their governments for assistance. Unfortunately for almost everyone in Europe and Japan, their governments had all failed. Thus, a lot of their problems were rightfully blamed on their governments. After all, Hitler and Mussolini had both run their countries and fascist parties into the ground. Due to the fact that no one could find solutions in their own country’s†¦show more content†¦Everything would be the same under communist rule. This is what all of the Europeans believed communists would do for them. All they wanted was order and happiness so that things would get better for them. Addit ionally, they didn’t have much success with any other types of government in the past. After all, the USSR had been standing for thirty to forty years by this time. The last reason that I believe Europeans favored communism was because they simply offered change. It was a very enticing offer, but in the end, it wasn’t enough. To summarize, I think Europeans favored communism because it would have provided them with necessities that they were lacking, it gave them a sense of order and structure, and it offered them change. Section 5: Question 7: After the war, the Allies wanted to make sure that any and all war crimes were avenged. It was now that the Nuremberg Trials began. This was where the leaders of both the Nazis and the Japanese were sentenced based on the degree of their offense or crime. As a whole, I think that it was right for the Allies to try only the Nazi and Japanese leaders. If we had tried those who were supporting them, although they are equally guilty, it would have been quite difficult. After all, if it weren’t for the leaders it probably never would have happened. The first reason to justify only trying the leaders is that

Arnolfini Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1299 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? James van Eyck. Arnolfini Double Portrait: Art Analysis Jan Van Eyck. Arnolfini Double Portrait. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Arnolfini Analysis" essay for you Create order (1434) Oil on wood, 33 X 22 ? † The National Gallery, London Jan van Eyck lived his life as a â€Å"valet de chambre†, which is basically a court painter. Van Eyck worked for John of Bavaria until 1425, which is coincidentally when John of Bavaria died. Then he went to work for Duke Philip the Good of Burgandy as a â€Å"valet de chambre† as well. Jan van Eyck was a well paid court employee when he first began work but within the first few years his salary was twice that of when he initially started. His salary and position in the court system made Van Eyck a successful artist in comparison to other Netherlands artists, whose survival was dependent upon what they made from paintings alone. Jan van Eyck did paintings for private customers outside of his salaried job. One thing that is unique about Van Eyck is that he signs his paintings in rare and unusual places, an example is the Arnolfini Double Portrait. The Arnolfini Double Portrait is an oil painting that was done on an oak panel that was dated by Van Eyck in 1434. This particular painting has been known by a couple of titles such as The Arnolfini Wedding, The Arnolfini Marriage and the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife. This painting is not very large in size it measures 33 X 221/2† but it does have a large story to tell which is not exactly obvious in the painting itself. The painting is thought to be a portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife, in their home in the Flemish city of Bruges. This painting was bought by the National Gallery in London in 1842. Today the painting is in really good condition considering how old it is, the paint loss is minimal and has been touched up. Van Eyck used vertical and horizontal lines to show the depth of the room as well as the objects in the room. At first glance, the painting is very realistic and depicts a man and a woman that are holding hands. The couple is obviously inside a room with a substantial amount of light coming through the windows, and the woman appears to be pregnant. The couple is assumed to be Giovanni di Arrigo Arnolfini and his wife Giovanna Cenami and is supposedly painted in their bedroom. This particular painting is also suggested to be a form of a marriage certificate for the couple. Van Eyck has many hidden meanings to things in this painting. Once you look closer at the painting you will notice small things such as the chandelier candle holder only has one candle lit on the entire thing. This is supposed to symbolize marriage in the Flemish culture and the one candle being lit is also supposed to symbolize the presence of the Holy Spirit. After doing some research on the painting I found out some really interesting information and different perspectives about this ordinary looking painting. I went to wiki first to look up the overall information about the Arnolfini Double Portrait. According to the wiki the way in which the couple is standing shows a conventional 15th century view on marriage and the roles. By the young woman standing next to the bed and being next to the man in the portrait shows her role as the caretaker while his position next to the open window shows that his role takes place outside of the house. Another thing that Jan van Eyck did to symbolize the role of the two was by their gazes; Giovanni was looking straight ahead while she was not looking straight ahead but directly at her husband to her right. The way in which the couple’s hands are positioned is yet another indication of the roles in which the two play. His hand, according to wiki, represented his commanding position of authority, while her hand is in a more submissive position. This doesn’t directly mean that her role is any less than his but that they are on a more equal level. Her face may be gazing at him, this shows that she is his equal because she is not looking down at the floor; by her not looking directly at the floor it also shows that the couple comes from wealth. I had learned in my art appreciation class from high school that the wife in the painting appears to be pregnant but actually was not. In that era it was the amount of material that measured your wealth, by the woman having an excess of material that she has to hold up symbolizes that they are a wealthy couple. Also an interesting fact that Mrs. Guthrie shared was that the woman in the painting supposedly died without ever having a kid, so if that is the case then the woman could not be pregnant but only appears to be pregnant. After doing some more research and reading I found out that the style of clothing for wealthy woman was very similar to her dress, which further supports the reason for Van Eyck to paint her in that fashion. Another opinion of her attire is that it symbolizes fertility and the hope for a child in the future. The green color of her dress also means hope and the white cap could mean that she is either a virgin or already married to Giovanni. The shoes being off and to the side of the room is said to be done out of respect for the wedding ceremony and to symbolize that the ceremony is taking place on what was known as holy ground. Another interesting fact I found was that during this era husbands would give their wives clogs to show stability and tranquility. Behind the couple you can notice that the curtains on the bed and bed set are both red which signifies love, and red on the bed shows the physical part of love as a married couple. Van Eyck used many different things to signify the couple’s desire to have a child. The dog in the front center helps to symbolize this. If you look to the headboard you can see what is thought to be a carved figure of Saint Margaret who is supposed to be the saint of pregnancy and childbirth. You can look past the subjects and see that there is a mirror in the back of the room, you may not be able to correctly identify what is seen in the mirror unless you zoom in and look a little closer. Once you look closely at the mirror you will see that around the frame of the mirror there are different scenes that are from the Passion of Christ and could quite possibly represent the promise of salvation from God. Also the thing that I found even more interesting was that Van Eyck painted himself and another person being present in the mirror. This further supports the idea that this painting is actually a form of a marriage certificate since there were witnesses present. Jan van Eyck did an awesome job on capturing this moment in time. He created this painting with nice complimentary colors that have meaning behind them such as the uses of red and green. This particular painting he chose to use oil paint instead of the easier choice of tempera paint. With the oil paint he was able to blend the colors together by painting wet in wet to give the painting a three dimensional form. Van Eyck was truly a talented artist from his time and this particular painting shows just how talented he was. Works Cited https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arnolfini_Portrait https://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/eyck/arnolfini/

What Are Different Roles That Operation Manager Can...

Question 2. What are different roles that operation manager can handle? Select the role you wish to carry on as an operation manager and explain how carrying on the selected role can benefit New Zealand business. Answer: Operation manager has different roles such as Inventory manager: inventory manager is the person who is mainly responsible for inventory stock in an organization his main responsibility is monitoring of time, stock level, what comes in and goes out. An inventory manager can have two or more stock controller under him. Other duties of inventory manager are evaluate suppliers means look for best suppliers who are efficient enough to provide sufficient supplies of goods at low prices, prepare documentation, purchase new inventory and track inventory. (trujillo, 2014) Stock controller: Stock controller is the one who manages the purchase and replenishment of goods. Other roles of stock controller are maintaining stock level, monitoring store standards, maintaining purchasing budgets, organizing stock, receiving deliveries. (careerplanner.com, 2016) Supply chain manager: they act as a glue and unite or coordinates the different task of supply chain and departments of organization which are planning or strategy making, sourcing, manufacturing, logistics and return system. (http://www.careersinsupplychain.org/job-roles-profiles/roles.asp, 2014) Logistics manager: logistics manager is the one who is responsible for the storage and distribution of goods meansShow MoreRelatedOperations Management : An Organization Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesOperations Management Operations management is a field that can, at times, be misunderstood because of its multidisciplinary nature. 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International Business Strategy Analysis Of Samsung Electronics - Samp

Question: Analyse the International Business Strategy of Samsung Electronics. Answer: Introduction The most important objective of pursuing this study is to critically evaluate the international business strategy of as adopted by Samsung Electronics. The company which originates from Korea has today emerged as one of the largest companies which have capabilities of outshining corporate giants like Apple Inc.(Worstall, 2012). This makes the choice of Samsung to be very apt as the company has not only expanded beyond its national frontiers but also has been successful to manage a large product / service portfolio to a greater extent. The study reviews Samsung Electronics on multiple aspects especially those related to its organizational design and culture, global market entry strategies, global operations, production and supply chain management and global human resource management. The study also determines varied management issues and opportunities to which Samsung is exposed to thus developing recommendations to overcome the same. Samsung: Company Overview and Current Operating Position Samsung, the Korean company which made a humble beginning as a small trading company in 1938 has today evolved as a world-class modern corporation. By the end of 2014, Samsung operated in more than 84 countries through over 213 offices across the globe and employed some 320, 000 people(Samsung Electronics , 2015). The companys portfolio spans electronics, heavy industries, financial services, chemicals, services and others. Its businesses are wide-ranging that extend over semiconductors, advance technology, skyscraper and plant construction, fashion, petrochemical, medicine, hotels and much more(Samsung Electronics, 2014). At Samsung, talent and technology are directed beyond accomplishing the economic goals to also contribute towards creating a better global society(Samsung Electronics , 2015). Excellence is among the core values of the company which is evident from the fact that in 2015 Samsung Electronics occupied 13th position in Fortune Global 500(Samsung, 2016; Fortune Global, 2016). Under the leadership of Mr. Oh-Hyun Kwon, Vice Chairman and CEO, the company has topped the charts in the overall mobile phone and smart-phones segments during Q3 2015 holding market shares of 19.0% and 23.2% respectively as per rankings of the research firm Counterpoint(Guha, 2015).Despite getting a tough competition from its rival Apple, the company has still managed to be the worlds largest mobile vendor(Mathew, 2015). As a brand, Samsung has recently been ranked at 7th place in Interbrands Best Global Brands 2015. The progress of the brand is evident from that it stood at 17th place during 2011(Samsung Electronics, 2015). Samsungs current market position can be attributed to its core values, planned business moves, tight control over supply chain activities, and its strategy to reap advantages of experience curve economies (Simonin, 2014). Organizational Design and Control Issues At Samsung, the organizational design was primarily influenced by the typical Korean culture, often represented by disciplined, authoritarian and bureaucratic management styles. Such an organizational design facilitates top managements imposition of vision on the rest of the company thereby easing control over activities (Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2010). But such an organizational design not only negatively affected the economic goals of the company; it also drew lot of external criticism to the company declaring it to be non-innovative and laggard(Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2010; Chun, 2015). The company therefore took a revolutionary decision to modify its organizational design from being an efficiency-focused to a more innovation oriented organization. The once risk aversion philosophy has been replaced by an organizational design which promotes continuous experimentation and innovation. Over the years, it has inculcated an organizational culture of developing in-house expertise (Glowik, 2016). The company operates on a non-union philosophy which was actually the idea of its founder, Mr. Lee ByungChul(Yoo Kim, 2015). Since 2013, Samsung has been reorganized into three key divisions: IT Mobile Communications, Consumer Electronics, and Device Solutions as depicted in the figure below. Figure 1Organizational Design of Samsung Source: (Samsung Electronics , 2015) These three major divisions of the company operate independent of each other. The company asserts that this not only aids in achieving operational synergies but also strengthens the individual capabilities of these divisions. But, in reality the company still has an organizational design which is vertically structured and too hierarchical. The commands in the company flow from top to bottom which not only delays decision-making but also acts as a source of discontentment among the workforce. Its autocratic organizational design is probably the reason that company took too long to understand the value of innovation(Worstall, 2012).However it cannot be denied that vertical integration strategy of the company enables cost-efficiency which helps the company in winning competitive advantage. On the basis of literature contributed by Burns and Stalker (1961) cited in Chun(2015)Samsung is a mechanistic organization which is characterized by high horizontal and vertical differentiation, strict hierarchical structure, centralized decision-making and high formalization of roles and responsibilities. Entry Strategies and International Competitive Strategies Samsung has a diverse global portfolio and therefore enjoys an extensive global coverage. While choosing a new marketplace, Samsung basically aims at achieving economies of scale. A thorough market research is conducted and those markets are selected where the company can get cheaper factors of production and sell mostly standardized products with limited localization (Levine, 2015). Samsung prefers cost-leadership over differentiation strategy while operating internationally. In fact the company has been widely criticized for its strategy to copy rivals. Out of the four common foreign market entry strategies: licensing, joint venture, exporting and sole venture, the company mostly employs joint venture approach (Glowik, 2016). Samsung believes in forming strategic relationships which has aided the firm in emerging as a world-class leading technological firm (Levine, 2015). Its diversified portfolio helps in risk aversion at many times when there are adverse situations in any of the partner nations (Levine, 2015). Operational Control, Production and SCM The entire operational control and manufacturing system in Samsung is vertically integrated which assists the company is excelling in its supply chain (Degun, 2014). The operations management and control in Samsung Electronics is governed by the basic Japanese approach wherein innovation was concentrated upon(Jung, 2014). Though quality compromise was strictly prohibited but organization was encouraged to be more cost effective. The operations revolved around low-cost manufacturing systems along with being customer centric (Jung, 2014).The overall value chain of Samsung is depicted in figure below: Figure 2 Operational Value Chain in Samsung Electronics Source: (Jung, 2014) For ensuring sustained operational control over its activities, Samsung Electronics has a continually reviews it business against the disclosure control policy annually and thus takes corrective actions in cases of deviations (Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 2009). Another way of monitoring operations in Samsung Electronics is managing the overall value chain thus generating significance for organizational stakeholders. A culture of continuous improvement of process was also entrusted through operational control (Jung, 2014). The production in Samsung electronics is supported by six sigma approach that was adopted in 1993 by overhauling the overall management approach towards production(Mo Yang et al, 2007). Though initially Six Sigma was adopted only to manage the quality of final products but in due course of time it became one of the most significant business principles for Samsung Electronics. Later based on quality movement within the organization and its subsidiaries across the world, quality enhancements were ensured even in business processes too. The eventual outcome was provision of quality outputs to the consumers, supporting innovations through new product developments, escalated profits and rising customer loyalty(Sabri, 2015). Supply chain management (SCM) in Samsung Electronics has been one of the major pillars that have supported organizational growth beyond leaps and bounds. Multiple technologies related to SCM plays a dominant role in managing its supply chain thereby integrating its international activities along with supporting innovations. The most significant SCM technology deployed by Samsung electronics is the advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems which was adopted in 1990s but yet is considered to be highly successful(Mo Yang et al, 2007). Continuous innovations have been made within the system to support external and internal environmental changes. The supply chain of Samsung Electronics is depicted in figure below: Figure 3Layers in Samsung Electronics supply chain and their importance Source: (Han et al, 2013) The supply chain of Samsung is developed in a manner that most of its production are absorbed within the Samsung groups and by its affiliate inustries. It is evident from the fact that production by Samsung Thailand is sold to Samsung in European countries as well as that in Brazil and Korea (Christiansen, 2015). Thus it operates as a highly integrated system wherein it acts as a producer as well as consumer in many circumstances. One of the major issues within this supply chain is that, Samsung Electronics lays more emphasis on domestic companies rather than on international or transnational organizations associated with the same. Though quality is given due importance but discrimination is also practiced which affects the supply chain ethically thus having negative implications of supply chain partners of Samsung(Han et al, 2013). Another major issue identified with the supply chain of Samsung is that its non-adherence to social and environmental standards. Though a larger extent the company has resorted to environmental conservation but it fails to integrate the same with supplier management programs thus resulting in ineffective implementation of such approaches. Further it also forbids the company from taking maximum advantage of environmental certifications like ISO 14001 which results in increased risks of being subjected to social issues(Lee Kim, 2009). In Samsung electronics to optimize benefits from Six Sigma and SCM both were amalgamated to drive organizational sustainability and support innovations. Recommendations Irrespective of having highly effective and efficient supply chain and production systems it is important for Samsung to improve the same to retain its leadership position in international markets. It is thus recommended that Samsung needs to deploy a more obedient approach that would streamline issues present within existing supply chain as well as incessantly monitor the activities within the chain. Another major issue that is discrimination needs to be curbed which is possible only when the company resorts to a fair trade policy(Wilkinson, 2007). It is also significant for Samsung Electronics to have a codified regulatory system that will be equivalent for all the firms and supply chain associates based on their position and dealings with the company. Such a system would enhance the trust of supply chain partners in Samsung and thus motivate to them to conduct fair business along with being loyal to the company. It is also recommended to Samsung to resort to reverse logistic that will help the company in overcoming environmental sustainability issues as well as minimize wastages(Sarkis et al, 2010). Through reverse logistics, Samsung will be able to support recycling, reuse and recovery of its used products thus helping in environmental conservation. Considering the fact that HR management has been a significant issue for Samsung not within its company but within supplier companies it is critically essential for Samsung to design stringent measures to curb such practices. This is possible when the integrity management policy as determined by Samsung is also enforced upon the varied organizational suppliers. Further it is also important for Samsung to conduct HR audits at supplier firms on a regular basis with the help of a special team created solely for this purpose(Farndale et al, 2010). The team would operate as an external individual group and conduct audit thus certifying suppliers in accordance to Samsungs norms. This will help Samsung to overcome blind belief on suppliers and their audit reports thus safeguarding its employees as well as goodwill. Conclusion Samsung has been operating with excellence in international markets which is clearly visible through its growth graph which it has achieved within a very short span of time. With an expansive geographically diversified portfolio, it is intricate for Samsung to manage its international business. But through proactive approaches amalgamated with an incessant urge to achieve leadership position has been the driving force of Samsungs success. By defying traditional approaches and developing innovative management system Samsung has been able to outshine its competitors. However to manage dynamics of international business and gain long run sustainability it is critically significant for Samsung to be proactive in its approach and thus manage hindrances effectively. References Samsung Electronics . (2012). Samsung Electronics Sustainability Report 2012 . Seoul: Samsung Electronics . Adnan. (2016). Mergers and acquisitions helping Samsung boost business oversea. Retrieved June 7, 2016, Bloomberg. (2011). Samsung Electronics Co. buys out Sony's stake in LCD joint venture. Retrieved June 7, 2016, Cheng, J., Lee, M. (2015). Samsung Shareholders Back $8 Billion Merger, in Blow to U.S. Hedge Fund. Retrieved June 7, 2016, Christiansen, B. (2015). Handbook of Research on Global Supply Chain Management. Hershey: IGI Global. . Chun, J. (2015). How Samsung Electronics Organizational Structure and Culture Affect Its Innovation. Denmark: Ibp Union. Farndale, E., Paauwe, J., Boselie, P. (2010). An exploratory study of governance in the intra firm human resources supply chain. Fortune Global. (2016). Fortune Global 500. Retrieved June 6, 2016, Glowik, M. (2016). Market Entry Strategies: Internationalization Theories, Guha, R. (2015). Samsung leads the Indian mobile market share in Q3, 2015: Study. Retrieved June 6, 2016.

The Little Mermaid

Adapting an already existing story into a movie, especially when it comes to book classics, is one of the least gratifying jobs ever; no matter how hard the movie director tries, (s)he goes into no-win situation, since the audience will always find the discrepancies in the story, the plot, the characters or whatever needs changing for a longer running time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Mermaid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It would be wrong to claim that all adaptations are doomed to being washed away by the sands of time, but in most cases, people either love or hate the adapted version, and this nowhere come as in one of the Disney’s greatest animation stories of all time, the Little Mermaid. Actually, the similarities between the two versions of the classic fairy tale are very basic. They follow the pattern of a mermaid seeing a human prince, falling in love for him and trying to win hi m over after bargaining a pair of legs for her voice from a sea witch. Besides that, the story was changed to the core. The settings also remained quite similar to the ones in the book; both the underwater world and the kingdom look quite generic in the movie, allowing for placing the story in a typical European country; presumably, Denmark. The characters, however, have undergone a great makeover. First and foremost, each of the characters finally got a name – there was no longer the Little Mermaid, the Prince and the Sea Witch, but Ariel, Prince Eric and Ursula. Together with names, each of the characters acquired a clear personality, except from the Prince, who remained quite generic. Ariel, for instance, while being under the sea, seems an annoying whiny teenager; however, when she gets to the surface, her curiosity comes out in full blue, and it makes her a compelling and interesting character. Ursula, in her turn, has become much more sinister and evil: â€Å"Yes, hurr y home, princess. We wouldn’t want to miss old daddy’s celebration, now, would we?  Ã¢â‚¬  (The Little Mermaid), and sometimes even vulgar: â€Å"And don’t underestimate the importance of body language!† (The Little Mermaid). In addition, a bunch of new characters arrived, creating a unique atmosphere. It would have been easy just to slip them in as puppets to create a foil for the romance between Ariel and Eric, but instead, the audience sees these characters, think, emote and converse, which altogether creates a unique and very believable atmosphere. The weird thing, however, is that Ariel’s sisters, who were the next focus of the book apart from the prince and the mermaid: â€Å"The fourth of the sisters was timid† (Anderson 3), â€Å"The third of the sisters, who came of age the following year, was the most daring among them† (Anderson 2), are given little to no screen time. Perhaps, Clemens and Musker considered that adding an other plotline would make the movie unnecessary complicated.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the most obvious changes, the songs must be mentioned. The Little Mermaid was made into a movie with occasional musical numbers, which is another reason why it differs so much from the source material. They help build a particular character, and each of them, from Poor Unfortunate Souls to the unforgettable Under the Sea and Part of My World, are a gem. Quite honestly, it could not have been any other way around, with Alan Menken at the helm of song-writing process. Of course, in contrast to the real story, in the Disney version, the Little Mermaid survives – Disney did not let her die; in fact, one can claim with certainty that they could not let her die, seeing how the Disney’s trademark was the magical happily-ever-after, the stories where the characters’ dre ams come true. Clemens and Musker also made a number of subtle yet significant alterations of the original story. As it has been mentioned above, the witch and the girl whom the Prince mistakes for the Mermaid are two different people in the book, and the witch does not seem to be the least bit interested in taking over King Triton’s realm. The given addition, however, makes Ursula much more complex than her book protagonist, adding another dimension to her character and making the story more intense. Finally, the Prince and the Mermaid are given much more screen time than they are in the story. This allows for watching them develop their relationships, which they, in fact, have to start from scratch and, more importantly, work on, in contrast to other typical Disney fairytales. All of these editions of the original story do not change the story to the point where it becomes barely recognizable, yet clearly intend to change what quite honestly should be called a tragedy into a traditional fairytale with a princess, a prince, an evil witch and a happy ending, which is all that a family flick needs. All in all, it is clear that the Disney Company has made tremendous changes to the story and its characters in order for it to be considered safe enough by the parents of the target audience. However, even though it is clearly obvious that the changes to the original are huge, it cannot be said that these changes destroy the tale. Instead, they give it a new life and allow people to relate to the characters and enjoy a more traditional and, quite honestly, desired outcome of the good-vs.-evil battle between the mermaid and the witch. A perfect family film that spawned the Disney Renaissance, this is a true gem of hand-drawn animation era. Works Cited Anderson, Christian. The Little Mermaid – Den Lille Havfrue. 1837. PDF file. 20 August 2013.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Mermaid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Little Mermaid. Dir. Ron Clemens and John Musker. Perf. Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes and Pat Carroll. Disney, 1989. Film. This essay on The Little Mermaid was written and submitted by user Leanna V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.