Animals are Entitled To Basic Legal Rights: Discussion

Animals are Entitled To Basic Legal Rights: Discussion There are people who agree with animals having rights and there are also people who dont. However I am one of those people who believe that animals are entitled to basic legal rights. No matter how big or how small they are, they all deserve equal rights. Many animals are used for being tested on like body products and cosmetics. Animals should be free from exploitation, cruelty, neglect, and abuse. Animals should not be used in a laboratory for unnecessary experiments, they deserve to be a part of their wildlife in their natural habitat. Animals are defenseless against exploitation and abuse by human beings. It is time that we take an act and end animal cruelty! There is failure within human beings improving the way they treat their animals. There are enough animals being mistreated by their owner, the last thing we need is scientist or biologists hunting down these animals to use them for their experimental use. We need to provide basic care for these animals even wild animals, the more we kill the more we hunt down the less we will have throughout the years, we just need to leave these animals alone and let them be. They are defenseless once a hunter gets near them, they react with defense or fear because theyre scared, its kill or be killed, and their mind set isnt like us human beings especially animals out in the wild. Even though it has been proven that gorillas are very much similar to us. Jeremy Rifkin was able to prove that a 300 pound gorilla was able to learn of 1000 English words and able to do and understand sign language. This should be more than enough proof that these animals have more than just killing in their mind. If an a nimal is taken by biologist when young and they teach them as they grow they will be able to do fascinating never seen before activities. It is addressed that animals such as wildlife, marine life and farm animals are to be excluded from anit-cruelty. Most of these animals are used by veterinarians to practice medicine or research on these poor animals. When they experiment on marine life and see no pain or tears come out of them doesnt mean they dont feel it, Im sure these animals feel pain and needles just like we do when we go to the doctors. It is now said that a citizen is now able to file a civil suit against a person who is abusing an animals for their personal wants. Other than scientist treating these animals unfair there are people out here who hoarder animals! Just imagine how unfair and cruel that is! Someone so selfish to keep all these animals but not take care of them? This is unfair for any animal who is kept by a hoarder they didnt ask for that punishment. There should be a more sever laws towards people who do this to animals. There are requirements and standards for care and treatment for animals. Other than the statements I have proven to you, the main thing that this country needs to end is testing products on animals! I am very against this I do not find it fair or useful for these animals to be treated this way. It is proven that when a product goes wrong the animal stays damaged and gets put back in the cage it goes and on to the next animal until they get the product right! We need to find a way to get scientist to stop testing on these animals. As the author Jeremy Rifkin shared with us, these animals are not put on this earth to be captured and tested on, they deserve to be out in the wild and be killed by getting eaten not by experiments going wrong. I understand that there are people out there who hunt and eat animals but that is a different story from people like biologists collecting a whole load of animals and sticking needles in them to see the end results. There are over 1500 hundred animals living in a laboratory waiting to be tested on. I dont understand how t hese people dont find it unfair, no animal deserves to live their whole life locked in a cage or whatever these scientist choose to put them in. Im sure that novel writers share with us only what they want us to know but, dont share what really happens behind the walls of a laboratory. These animals deserve justice! Not from an article, but from us, the government, everyone. Many people think that they can feel free to treat animals however they want, but they cant, animals feel pain, fear, pleasure, and love. Havent you noticed when a dog gets attached to its owner they love being around them, and they flinch when you raise your hands towards them? They feel just like we do and people fail to realize that, just because animals cant talk or cry like humans do, doesnt mean they dont feel any pain. Animal cruelty is horrible, in any situation whether if its the owner treating them bad, or them being practiced on with cosmetics, it does not matter the situation, animals do not deserve to be treated badly, it is very unfair and cruel, and they are defenseless! We can use tools or guns to hurt them but what do they have? Just a sharp pair of teeth thatll do the trick when you frighten them and they attack. Majority of us citizens grew up wearing leather, and eating meat, thats a whole different era from animals being tested on. These are animals that get cook ed or get skinned once they are already dead, scientists study on living creatures! They feel the pain once a needle gets in them, they feel the pain once a product goes wrong and theyre burning from the inside out. Meat markets are okay to me but what these scientists are doing inside a lab to these animals is not okay they are living creatures who deserve justice! We need more people like Jeremy Rifkin and Victoria Braithwaite in this world, we need more people like them to get the word out and encourage people to make habits like this stop! We need to come together as a whole and end this once and for all, reading their articles really made me see the bigger picture and realize that animals are not placed here for us to experiment on or to torture. They are here the same reason we are here, to live, to live to give and receive, as much as people doubt it, fishes in the oceans eat up the bad things and theyre use to it because that is what they do. The more wildlife animals we kill the less we will have for our future generation to see, I do not want any children having to see what a tiger looks like through a picture just because we failed to keep them to continue to off-spring. Thousands of years ago, People would hunt and kill willy mammoths and now in this time 2017 we will only know what they look like through a picture because people for m back them killed them for their own use. I want animals to live and give us more animals to see, not to be killed or be studied on, enough animals suffer each day the last thing we need are these scientists taking our animals away from us. We need to make a change and actually think if this is fair for our animals. More people need to be influenced on this idea, if animals cant stand up for themselves, then why dont we take a stand for them!

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder :: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a condition from which nearly 10% of Americans suffer. It, unlike other afflictions, is associated with a wide variety of circumstances. Many war veterans suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. However, a new group of people are quickly emerging as common suffers of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-sexually abused children. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a prevalent problem associated with children who are victims of sexual assault.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is classified as an anxiety disorder under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-III). The diagnoses for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was not formally diagnosed as part of DSM-III until 1980. According to Famolaro, "the diagnoses of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder requires: (a) experience of a significant traumatic events; (b) re- experiencing of the trauma in one of several different thought, emotional, or behavioral forms; (d) persistent symptoms of increased arousal, Particularly when exposedto stimuli concretely or symbolically reminiscent of the trauma; (e) symptoms lasting at least one month. (Famolaro, Maternal and Child Posttraumatic... 28)".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Children are now becoming realized as significant sufferers of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is particularly bad for children under the age of 11, because they lack many of the skills needed to protect themselves. Furthermore, this vulnerability is enhanced when the child is exposed to any maltreatment. According to recent studies, "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a common sequella of severe or chronic maltreatment of children, particularly among sexually maltreated children ( Famularo, Symptom Differences... 28)". Posttraumatic Stress Disorder can be caused if the child is exposed to just one traumatic episode (rape, witnessing a violent crime, physical abuse); However, the child will become more susceptible to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder if the maltreatment continues. Moreover, a child is most likely to suffer from symptoms associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder when sexual assault is involved(28).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because children have not yet developed cognitively emotionally and are very immature, they are likely candidates to develop symptoms related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. As a child matures he/she becomes better equipped to deal with and prevent contributing factors to the eventual suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Up to age two, young children can recreate stressful events and even imagine such events recurring; However, the mind is not developed enough to identify, anticipate, or prevent future traumatic occurrences. At age three, children cannot, "distance themselves, in time, appreciate roles and differences in behavior, access situation, or adopt nonegocentric causality (Saigh 189)". This flaw opens them up to the impact of trauma because the child cannot anticipate and protect themselves. By age four, children have the ability to protect themselves by avoiding traumatic encounters. They also have the ability to suppress their anxiety when it becomes difficult

Solution-Focused Therapy Essay

Solution–focused therapy (SFT), unlike other forms of therapy argues that a person doesn’t have to understand any problem in order to resolve the problem and that the solution isn’t necessarily related to the problem. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview, description and rationale of Solution-focused therapy as well as an explanation of the therapeutic processes involved in SFT. This paper will also demonstrate through case example; systemic case conceptualization/hypotheses, goals of treatment, as well as interventions used through the entire treatment plan process. Solution-focused therapy â€Å"focuses on people’s competence rather than their deficits, their strengths rather than their weaknesses, their possibilities rather than their limitations† (O’Hanlon, H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989, p. 1.). Solution-focused therapy (SFT), also known as Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) was developed in the 1980’s by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg, along with their team, Patricia Hudson, Williams – Hanlon, Eve Lipchilk, Jane Peller, Scott Miller, John Walter, and Michelle Wiener-Davis from the Brief Family Therapy Family Center in Milwaukee, USA. This theory was based on over twenty years of empirical research, theoretical development, as well as clinical practice. Solution focused therapy (SFT) targets the desired therapeutic outcomes of therapy as a solution without focusing on the issues or behaviors that brought the client to therapy. This form of therapy is a competency based model which is different in many ways from the traditional theories or approaches (Berg, I.K., (1994). The therapist encourages the client to envision their ideal future; collaborating with the client to establish a group of steps needed to achieve the desired goal. By examining and analyzing the client’s vision, the therapist can determine what abilities, skills and resources the client can develop and use in order to achieve the envisioned outcome. de Shazer, S., (1985), suggests that the client is the expert; the development of a solution is not necessarily related to the problem; if something works, continue with it; if something doesn’t work, do something different; if it isn’t broken, don’t try to fix it. The therapeutic process for SFT is always the same regardless of the client’s concerns. SFT behavioral analyses are made of the exceptions instead of the problem. SFT uses the process of  operant conditioning: the discussion and implementation of the client’s desired behavior is recognized and complimented by the therapist (positive reinforcement), the conversation and actions of undesired behavior is stifled (frustrative non-reward) due to the therapist’s lack of recognition. SFT also uses the process-of classical conditioning: the therapist suggests a homework assignment the client such as, doing something different or to ‘pretend the miracle has happened’ (counter conditioning) (Bannink, F. P., (2007). Joining with the client means having a discussion about the client’s issue or presenting problems prior to the first scheduled session. It is important for the therapist to pay attention to any changes made previous to the first therapeutic session. Once that has taken place; the focus shifts to the here and now and focuses on how clients change instead of diagnosing and treating problems. Signature questions are used in SFT interview sessions and are meant to establish a therapeutic process where the therapist effectively listens to the client’s words; while the client expresses what is important to them, their wants, needs and related successes. The therapist then formulates and asks other questions by being cognoscente of the client’s use of key words and phrases. It is also important to continue the effective listening process as the clients continue to answer questions based on their frame of reference. Through this continual process of listening, connecting and absorbing, along with the client responding; the therapist and client together can construct new and adjusted meanings that work toward building positive solutions. Structured feedback from the therapist should look at the client’s strengths and establish the next steps towards the future, concluding the session. How change is brought about Solution Focused therapy focuses on promoting change in the direction of the client’s goals. When a client enters into a therapist’s care, the Solution Focused model follows a set of questions that will dictate where a client is starting from. Where a client is staring from is simply defined as where a client is willing to begin in the therapy process, which includes the amount of disclosure the client may be willing to exhibit. The therapist using this model may first ask the clients a question of what is the problem. This should then lead into what is the main cause of this problem. Next, the  client may be asked what maintains the problem. After these questions are answered or at least attempted by the client, the therapist should have an idea about the client’s patterns of behavior and thinking around the problem. Having this knowledge will give the therapist a starting point from which to work from (Walter & Peller, 1992). By understanding where the client is at right now, the therapist is able to construct solutions using the Solution Focused model. To construct solutions, there remain some assumptions, these may include; that there is a solution to the problem or that multiple solutions exist. That the solutions are constructible, the therapist and the client are able to construct the solutions and that the therapist and the client construct and or invent solutions rather than discover them. Finally, after solutions have been constructed, the therapist would want this process to be modeled in order for it to be implemented by the client. In short, step one; find out what the client wants. Step two, look for what is working and do more of that. Step three, do something different. Solution Focused therapy is the answer to the question of how do we construct solutions? It is a total model; it encompasses a way of thinking, a way of conversing with clients and a way of constructing solutions interactively. Solution Focused therapy is not a collaboration of techniques; rather it reflects fundamental notions about change, about interaction and about attaining goals. The focus in therapy is shifted from the past to present day, where we look for causes and map patterns of problem maintenance (Walter & Peller, 1992). Case Study Elise, an African American/Caucasian woman, and Lionel, an African American male and have been in a married for two years and both are 27 years of age. They reported having no children, but both desire to have children before they reach 30 years of age. They both wanted to seek counseling because they argue constantly and can’t seem to resolve the conflict in their relationship. Elise reports she withdraws whenever Lionel loses his temper. She states â€Å"he just explodes over the slightest thing and this behavior must change before we bring children into this world!† Elise also expressed that Lionel becomes verbally abusive and loud. Lionel has expressed having irrational behavior and acting out since he was a child. His parents never seemed to pay attention or worry about this behavior. Hypothesis Establishing effective communication skills will dissolve unresolved conflict. Early-Phase Goals 1. Develop and maintain a supportive relationship with Lionel and Elise. a.Allow Elise and Lionel to share in their own versions of the problem story, while effectively listening for the highlighting strengths, exceptions and resources. b.Maintain a beginner’s mind to assist in understanding each client’s perspective on Lionel’s outbursts and other couple issues, while exploring and remaining sensitive to the couple’s perspective. 2. Begin the process of identifying exceptions, possibilities, and possible solutions to Lionel’s outbursts/Elise’s withdrawal and the couple’s ability to resolve conflict. a.Discuss the communication issue as something that is solvable and in terms of solution. b.Identify Elise’s and Lionel’s strengths and resources and individuals and as a couple. Middle-Phase Goals 1. Increase number of respectful communication exchanges between Lionel and Elise that allow each to feel heard. a.Using scaling questions to identify small steps to be taken by Lionel and Elise between sessions that will move them closer to maintaining open, healthy by directing them to scale improvements in communication (one being no positive changes in communication and ten being the desired communication interaction). b.Monitor exceptions to Lionel’s outbursts/Elise’s withdrawal and times when the outbursts were not a problem. 2. Assist couple in learning to resolve conflict without angry, explosive episodes or withdrawal. a.Monitor exceptions when Lionel and Elise have been able to resolve conflict successfully and identify factors that led to the successful outcome. b.Scale changes in conflict-resolution skills. c.Compliment progress and solutions. Late-Phase Goals 1. Increase couple’s readiness for children and parenting. a.Allow Lionel and Elise to discuss readiness for children and parenting while effectively listening for strengths and resources. b.Scale the couple’s readiness to  parent and take steps to get on track. c.Compliment existing strengths and identify additional strengths and resources. 2. Highlight progress and attainment of goals and develop a plan for anticipated challenges, identifying Lionel and Elise’s strengths, resources, and solutions. a.Identify what changes have worked and the best strategies for staying on track. b.Focus on future-oriented talk and highlight use of solutions in the future. c.Compliment on progress, change, and achievement in communication and conflict-resolution skills and Lionel’s diminished verbal outbursts. Therapist’s Thoughts Although this therapist therapy of choice is Multigenerational Family Therapy; Solution-focused has its attributes, such as the Miracle Question. The genius behind this question is that it forces you to stop thinking about why you can’t achieve something and allows you to imagine how your life could be if something miraculous occurred. Solution-Focused therapy empowers the client with the ability to find resolution to their own issues and problems. This therapist feels that Solution-focused therapy is an appropriate addition to the Family Systems concepts. References Bannink, F. P. (2007). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Journal Of Contemporary Psychotherapy, (2), 87. Berg, I.K. (1994). Family Based Services: A Solution-Focused Approach. New York: Norton & Co. de Shazer, S. (1985). Keys to solution in brief therapy. New York: Norton. O’Hanlon H., Weiner-Davis, M. (1989). In Search of Solutions: A New Direction in Psychotherapy. New York: Norton. Walter, J. L., Peller, J. E. (1992). Becoming solution-focused in brief therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

The Post War World War II - 1216 Words

The post-war world was one of complete ruin. More than 40 million Europeans died and at least 25 million of them were civilians that had been killed in bomb raids, concentration camps, and during famine or starvation. Cities, towns, and villages on the home fronts were destroyed and nothing remained of many homes. Because of all of the distress, thousands of people all turned to their governments for assistance. Unfortunately for almost everyone in Europe and Japan, their governments had all failed. Thus, a lot of their problems were rightfully blamed on their governments. After all, Hitler and Mussolini had both run their countries and fascist parties into the ground. Due to the fact that no one could find solutions in their own country’s†¦show more content†¦Everything would be the same under communist rule. This is what all of the Europeans believed communists would do for them. All they wanted was order and happiness so that things would get better for them. Addit ionally, they didn’t have much success with any other types of government in the past. After all, the USSR had been standing for thirty to forty years by this time. The last reason that I believe Europeans favored communism was because they simply offered change. It was a very enticing offer, but in the end, it wasn’t enough. To summarize, I think Europeans favored communism because it would have provided them with necessities that they were lacking, it gave them a sense of order and structure, and it offered them change. Section 5: Question 7: After the war, the Allies wanted to make sure that any and all war crimes were avenged. It was now that the Nuremberg Trials began. This was where the leaders of both the Nazis and the Japanese were sentenced based on the degree of their offense or crime. As a whole, I think that it was right for the Allies to try only the Nazi and Japanese leaders. If we had tried those who were supporting them, although they are equally guilty, it would have been quite difficult. After all, if it weren’t for the leaders it probably never would have happened. The first reason to justify only trying the leaders is that